Advances in Geosciences www.adv-geosci.net 1680-7340 1680-7359 14 2nd EGU Alexander von Humboldt Conference "The role of Geophysics in Natural Disaster Prevention" 2008 10.5194/adgeo-14-3-2008 http://www.adv-geosci.net/14/3/2008/ http://www.adv-geosci.net/14/3/2008/adgeo-14-3-2008.html http://www.adv-geosci.net/14/3/2008/adgeo-14-3-2008.pdf 3 11 2008-01-02 The critical role of volcano monitoring in risk reduction R. I. Tilling rtilling@usgs.gov Scientist Emeritus, Volcano Hazards Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025-3591, USA Data from volcano-monitoring studies constitute the only scientifically valid basis for short-term forecasts of a future eruption, or of possible changes during an ongoing eruption. Thus, in any effective hazards-mitigation program, a basic strategy in reducing volcano risk is the initiation or augmentation of volcano monitoring at historically active volcanoes and also at geologically young, but presently dormant, volcanoes with potential for reactivation. Beginning with the 1980s, substantial progress in volcano-monitoring techniques and networks – ground-based as well space-based – has been achieved. Although some geochemical monitoring techniques (e.g., remote measurement of volcanic gas emissions) are being increasingly applied and show considerable promise, seismic and geodetic methods to date remain the techniques of choice and are the most widely used. Availability of comprehensive volcano-monitoring data was a decisive factor in the successful scientific and governmental responses to the reawakening of Mount St. elens (Washington, USA) in 1980 and, more recently, to the powerful explosive eruptions at Mount Pinatubo (Luzon, Philippines) in 1991. 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